A family history of cancer can increase your risk for developing cancer. In fact, family history constitutes one of the most important risk factors for the majority of common cancers, including breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer, to mention a few. However, only a small proportion of cancer is "hereditary" ¾ that is, cancer that is directly due to an inherited defect in a gene.

Fortunately, with the rapid advances in cancer research, several (more than 25) of these genes have been identified and can now be tested for in families at high risk for cancer. And early identification can lead to intervention and education that may reduce your risks.

Identifying people who are at high risk of developing cancer can lead to swifter and more appropriate care and management. 

The most common hereditary cancer syndromes are the breast and ovarian cancers associated with a gene called BRCA. Some colon cancers are a result of the APC gene for familial adenomatous polyposis (a condition where hundreds of colon polyps occur) or hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, associated with four genes. These conditions (and other inherited cancers) are suspected when multiple family members develop cancer, especially at a young age. Genetic conditions can greatly increase the risk of cancer.

Cancer specialists generally recommend genetic testing for cancer (a blood test) only when a family profile suggests a genetic mutation is responsible for the high risk. If individuals are found to have a gene that may increase risk, they can have more frequent checkups to detect cancer at an early, curable stage. For some types of cancer, there are ways to intervene to prevent the disease. Genetic testing, however, is a lengthy, expensive, and emotional process for individuals and families and should always involve a genetics counselor.

Genetic abnormalities that make people susceptible to cancer are very uncommon. Most people with a family history of cancer have a somewhat elevated risk but should not be alarmed. The best thing is to be an active participant in preventing cancer by having annual screenings -- examinations of the breast, prostate, and colon, for example -- according to your physician's advice.

Through a cooperative effort among the divisions of Human Genetics and Hematology/Oncology at Children’s Hospital Medical Center, The Barrett Cancer Center at The University Hospital, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, the Health Alliance offers The Hereditary Cancer Program. The program takes a team approach when it comes to your health and understanding cancer genetics. Our health care team includes physicians, genetic counselors, and other specialists who will work with you to provide an evaluation of your risk and to help you understand and use the information for appropriate screenings and health management.

Knowing more about your risk for developing cancer may help you, your physicians and health care team make informed decisions about your health care.

Some patients are reassured to find out their personal risk is lower than expected. For individuals found to be at increased risk, the physician may suggest careful observation to aid early detection. Early detection is vital. For example, more than 90 percent of breast cancer cases are curable when detected at the earliest stages.

• Complete evaluation of family history by board-certified genetic counselors and medical geneticists.

• Risk assessment for familial and hereditary cancers.

• Identification and discussion of genetic testing options.

• Using genetic information as part of your personalized, ongoing plan for health care.

• Medical management referrals to the appropriate specialists, as necessary.

Genetic counseling services may be paid for by your insurance plan or by Medicare or Medicaid. If these plans will not cover your care, we will not deny services for financial reasons.

The Hereditary Cancer Program offered through the Health Alliance may help anyone concerned about his or her risk for developing cancer.

If you have any of the following in your family, your health may benefit from this program:

• A cancer diagnosis at an early age, particular breast, colon or ovarian cancers diagnosed under the age of 50.

• Family members with cancer

• Relatives with more than one type of cancer

• Bilateral breast cancer (on both sides or in both breasts)

• Rare or unusual cancers.

All records from patient consultation sessions and genetic tests results are maintained in a secure chart in the Hereditary Cancer Program office. No access to these records will be allowed unless the patient authorizes in writing any release of records and information to his or her physician or health care provider.

To learn more about our genetic services or to schedule an appointment, ask your physician or call (513) 696-4760. Our staff members include:

Jessica N Everett, M.S
Genetic Counselor and Coordinator

Karen M. Huelsman, M.S., C.G.C
Genetic Counselor and Coordinator

Howard M. Saal, M.D., F.A.C.M.G.
Program Director and Clinical Geneticists

Elyse E. Lower, M.D.
Medical Oncology Consultant

Cynthia DeLaat, M.D.
Pediatric Oncology Consultant

Robert Wells, M.D.
Pediatric Oncology Consultant